4 Strategi Jitu Dalam Pengukuran Efektifitas Training
Manajemen pelatihan yang efektif dapat diketahui dengan menerapkan 4 metode level evaluasi. Empat level tersebut secara lebih lengkap dapat ditemukan dalam detail pembahasan yang ada di bawah ini.
Participation Reaction
Dalam level pertama evaluasi efektivitas pelatihan dapat dilakukan dengan menanyakan langsung tingkat kepuasan peserta mengenai aspek-aspek dalam pelatihan yang bersangkutan. Contohnya seperti kualitas instruktur, mutu materi dan lain sebagainya. Dimana fokus utama di dalam level ini adalah tingkat kepuasan peserta yang mengikuti acara pelatihan tersebut. Adapun aspek kepuasan ini sangat penting karena peserta yang merasa tidak puas dengan hal-hal tertentu dalam sebuah pelatihan ke depannya akan sulit merasakan dampak terhadap perubahan atau perkembangan kinerjanya.
Learning
Setelah mengevaluasi efektivitas pelatihan menggunakan level pertama, maka dilanjutkan ke level kedua yakni mengukur aspek pembelajaran dari para peserta. Misalnya seperti pengetahuan peserta yang semakin bertambah usai mengikuti pelatihan dan sejenisnya. Umumnya level ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pre serta post-test yang tujuannya untuk menguji seberapa banyak pengetahuan yang dapat diserap oleh peserta dari berbagai materi yang telah disampaikan selama pelatihan. Apakah memang pengetahuan peserta mengenai topik tertentu menjadi semakin bertambah setelah topik tersebut disampaikan sebagai materi selama proses pelatihan.
Behaviour Application
Langkah selanjutnya adalah dengan mengukur dampak pelatihan terhadap pola perilaku sekaligus kinerja karyawan yang mengalami perubahan. Di dalam evaluasi ketiga ini sifatnya lebih vital mengingat aspek yang diukur merupakan keberhasilan materi yang diajarkan di dalam pelatihan. Apakah materi tersebut diaplikasikan oleh peserta dalam pekerjaannya sehari-hari atau tidak.
Singkatnya, dalam langkah ini dapat dilihat apakah materi dari suatu pelatihan memang benar-benar sepenuhnya atau sebagian besar berguna untuk dipraktikkan guna mengubah perilaku peserta menuju perubahan perilaku yang lebih unggul seperti harapan perusahaan. Sayangnya, tidak banyak perusahaan yang menerapkan evaluasi di level ini.
Padahal jika dilihat, ini dapat menjadi kunci penting untuk dapat mengevaluasi perkembangan kinerja karyawan yang sebelumnya telah mengikuti pelatihan yang perusahaan tersebut adakan. Misalnya salah seorang peserta dari divisi costumer service yang mengikuti training dan menerapkan pengetahuan yang didapatkannya dalam perilaku kerja sehari-hari dalam melayani pelanggan menjadi lebih baik, tentunya menunjukkan bahwa materi pelatihan tersebut telah efektif.
Business Impact
Langkah pengukuran yang terakhir menyangkut evaluasi untuk mengukur dampak positif pelatihan yang dilakukan terhadap kinerja perusahaan maupun unit bisnis tertentu tempat peserta bekerja. Level ini sering disebut dengan Business Impact. Fokus pengukuran di level ini secara spesifik adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana sebuah pelatihan dapat berkontribusi terhadap kinerja bisnis dari peserta yang bekerja di divisi tertentu perusahaan maupun seluruh karyawan perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Dimana seperti yang diketahui, umumnya dampak positif terhadap kinerja bisnis perusahaan ini yang menjadikan alasan suatu perusahaan mengadakan kegiatan pelatihan bagi karyawannya. Baik bagi posisi atau jabatan tertentu maupun untuk seluruh karyawan yang ada di perusahaan tersebut.
Sampai di sini setidaknya perusahaan yang telah mengadakan kegiatan pelatihan dapat mengetahui apakah training yang dilakukannya dapat memberikan dampak positif atau efektif terhadap kinerja bisnisnya. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi sebuah perusahaan untuk menerapkan seluruh langkah yang telah disebutkan di atas agar benar-benar mampu mengetahui bagaimana manajemen pelatihan yang efektif. Sehingga jika ditemui adanya kemungkinan kurang efektifnya pelatihan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, perusahaan dapat mengetahui secara pasti jenis pelatihan seperti apa yang sekiranya lebih efektif untuk dilakukan.
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